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Skills Covered

  • Find missing addends and differences to 20
  • Apply inverse operations with teen numbers
  • Build algebraic thinking with larger numbers
  • Strengthen mental math strategies
  • Develop problem-solving persistence
  • Prepare for equation solving

How to Use This Worksheet

Each problem presents a fact family triangle with sums up to 20 and equations with missing values. Students must determine each unknown number, combining fact family knowledge with computation skills for larger numbers.

In the Classroom

This is the most challenging fact family printable in the series. Use for students who have demonstrated fluency with "Write All" formats and "Missing Numbers Within 10." Great for early finishers or enrichment.

At Home

Work through the first problem together. Show your child how to use the triangle numbers to figure out the missing values. If they get stuck, have them try the addition facts first, then use those to help with the subtraction facts.

Tips for Success

  • Students should master "Within 10 Missing" before attempting this
  • Encourage students to write the known facts first, then use them to find unknowns
  • Allow use of manipulatives or a number line as needed
  • Use the answer key for self-checking

Common Core Standards Alignment

This worksheet supports the following Common Core State Standards for Mathematics:

  • 1.OA.B.4 Treat subtraction as finding a missing addend: to solve 12 - 9, ask what added to 9 makes 12.
  • 1.OA.C.6 Add and subtract to 20, working fluently within 10, with strategies like counting on, making ten, fact families and doubles plus one.
  • 1.OA.D.8 Solve for the missing number in adding or subtracting equations like 9 + ? = 15 or ? - 4 = 6.
  • 2.OA.B.2 Add and subtract to 20 quickly using strategies done in the head, and by year's end instantly recall every sum of two single-digit numbers.

© Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved.

Fact Families Within 20 - Missing Numbers

1st – 2nd Grade

Find the missing numbers in fact family equations with sums within 20. Challenges students to apply inverse operations with larger numbers.

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What’s Included

  • 5 fact family worksheets
  • Sums within 20
  • Fill-in-missing-numbers format
  • Triangle diagram layout
  • Answer keys included
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